In the past, I have been writing on complex topics laced with a lot of data and analysis. In this series of articles, I plan to take a topic of interest and make an attempt to explain it as simply as possible so that even a layman can understand. These sets of notes will contain no data analysis, no complex technical jargon, and maybe some pictures, if needed, for the purpose of helping with the explanation. The whole idea of this effort is to get the knowledge across without driving into technical details. For some, this might look too trivial, and I suggest they ignore it, and for others, if they find this attempt interesting, may stay on till the end. Thanks.
The Basics
For anything to get across from one point in space to the other point, it needs a medium. Fortunately, the air carries sound waves naturally, and therefore we do not need sophisticated equipment to speak with each other. But the problem is there is a limit (maximum distance) beyond which, our ears are incapable of separating what has been spoken from the background noise. Hence, in order to communicate further than this limiting point, we need to take the help of some other medium/equipment. But what
